Forms of Abuse

Abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional (intimidation, denigration, humiliation), economic, or social (isolation of the victim). Because in intimate relationships the abusing partner usually knows the victim well, it is possible to be hurtful in ways tailored to the particular person. (Power and Control Wheel)

Physical abuse is the most obvious. However, some physically aggressive behaviors, e.g. a slap, may not be abusive if done in self-defense or without frightening the target person.

Sexual abuse includes a wide range of behaviors. A partner may be forced to have sex or perform certain kinds of sexual acts against their will. Other kinds of sexual abuse include denial of contraception or being forcibly subjected to pornographic or violent sexual material.

Emotional abuse includes systematic verbal humiliation and/or intimidating threats aimed directly at the partner or at what is precious to the partner. It may include attacks against property or pets. It may include threats of suicide or harm to self.

Economic abuse means control of financial resources in a way that blocks the partner’s access to them when needed. It may include denying access to money or credit cards; refusing to pay bills; denying food, clothing, transportation.

Social abuse means isolation of the victim, blocking access to social supports and resources. Possessiveness, jealousy, suspicions of sexual infidelity or emotional disloyalty, and/or extreme demands for the partner’s time and attention result in the partner’s increasing isolation.